SpringCloud微服务搭建

我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

1.案例准备

1.1.技术选型

  1. maven：3.6.3
  2. 数据库：MySQL 8.0
  3. 持久层: SpingData Jpa/Mybatis-plus
  4. 其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

1.2.模块设计

  1. springcloud-shop父工程
  2. shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
  3. shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 807x】
  4. shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 808x】
  5. shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 809x】

image-20230814184804792

1.3.微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。 我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。 在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者， 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

image-20230814184836121

2.创建父工程

2.1.选择maven项目

image-20230814185043143

2.2.填写信息

image-20230814185138955

2.3.修改pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloud-shop</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <!--依赖版本的锁定-->
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- SpringBoot 依赖配置 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

PS：版本对应

https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E

image-20230814185512719

3.创建基础模块

3.1.新建shop-common模块

image-20230814185627265

选择Maven

image-20230814185647679

填写信息

image-20230814185735164

3.2.修改pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud-shop</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>

    <!--依赖-->
    <dependencies>
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.56</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.29</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.3.新建model包，创建实体类

package com.zjzaki.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;


//用户
//@Entity(name = "shop_user")//实体类跟数据表的对应
@Data//不再去写set和get方法
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
    //@Id
    //@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//数据库自增
    private Integer uid;//主键
    private String username;//用户名
    private String password;//密码
    private String telephone;//手机号
}

package com.zjzaki.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

//商品
//@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Product {
    //@Id
    //@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer pid;//主键

    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer stock;//库存
}

package com.zjzaki.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

//订单
//@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Order {
    //@Id
    //@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long oid;//订单id

    //用户
    private Integer uid;//用户id
    private String username;//用户名

    //商品
    private Integer pid;//商品id
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品单价

    //数量
    private Integer number;//购买数量
}

3.4.创建用户微服务

3.4.1.创建模块

image-20230814190317449

image-20230814190407839

image-20230814190437982

3.4.2.修改父工程的pom文件

<modules>
    <module>shop-common</module>
    <module>shop-user</module>
</modules>

3.4.3.修改shop-user的pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud-shop</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
<!--    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>-->

    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--springboot-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--shop-common-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.4.4.修改application.yml

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-user

3.4.5.启动测试

PS：如果出现如下报错，删除掉测试类或者添加junit依赖

image-20230814202621780

无报错启动正常

3.5.创建商品微服务

与3.4类似，此处简写

3.5.1.创建一个shop-product的模块，并修改pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud-shop</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!--springboot-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--shop-common-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zking</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.5.2.修改父工程的pom文件

<modules>
    <module>shop-common</module>
    <module>shop-user</module>
    <module>shop-product</module>
</modules>

3.5.3.修改application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product

3.5.4.新建controller包，创建ProductController

package com.zjzaki.shopproduct.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.zjzaki.model.Product;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {

    /**
     * 商品信息查询
     */
    @RequestMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info("接下来要进行{}号商品信息的查询", pid);
        Product product = new Product(pid,"这是商品",1000d,100);
        log.info("商品信息查询成功,内容为{}", JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }

}

3.5.5.启动测试

访问： http://localhost:8081/product/1

出现如下图表示成功

image-20230814203206294

3.6.创建订单服务

与3.4类似，此处简写

3.6.1.创建一个shop-order的模块，修改pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud-shop</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--springboot-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--shop-common-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zjzaki</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.6.2.修改父工程的pom.xml

<modules>
    <module>shop-common</module>
    <module>shop-user</module>
    <module>shop-product</module>
    <module>shop-order</module>
</modules>

3.6.3.修改application.yml

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: service-order

3.6.4.修改ShopOrderApplication

package com.zjzaki.shoporder;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopOrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

3.6.5.新建controller包，创建OrderController

package com.zjzaki.shoporder.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.zjzaki.model.Order;
import com.zjzaki.model.Product;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 准备买1件商品
     * @param pid 商品id
     * @return 商品信息
     */
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
		//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
        log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("测试用户");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);

        return order;
    }
}

3.6.6.启动测试

PS：此处访问时需要启动前面的两个微服务

访问：http://localhost:8091/order/prod/1

如下图表示成功

image-20230814203451955